/*!
 * The buffer module from node.js, for the browser.
 *
 * @author   Feross Aboukhadijeh <https://feross.org>
 * @license  MIT
 */
/* eslint-disable no-proto */
'use strict';
var base64 = require('./base64-js.js');
var ieee754 = require('./ieee754.js');
exports.Buffer = Buffer;
exports.SlowBuffer = SlowBuffer;
exports.INSPECT_MAX_BYTES = 50;
var K_MAX_LENGTH = 2147483647;
exports.kMaxLength = K_MAX_LENGTH;

/**
 * If `Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT`:
 *   === true    Use Uint8Array implementation (fastest)
 *   === false   Print warning and recommend using `buffer` v4.x which has an Object
 *               implementation (most compatible, even IE6)
 *
 * Browsers that support typed arrays are IE 10+, Firefox 4+, Chrome 7+, Safari 5.1+,
 * Opera 11.6+, iOS 4.2+.
 *
 * We report that the browser does not support typed arrays if the are not subclassable
 * using __proto__. Firefox 4-29 lacks support for adding new properties to `Uint8Array`
 * (See: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=695438). IE 10 lacks support
 * for __proto__ and has a buggy typed array implementation.
 */
Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT = typedArraySupport();
if (!Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT && typeof console !== 'undefined' && typeof console.error === 'function') {
    console.error('This browser lacks typed array (Uint8Array) support which is required by `buffer` v5.x. Use `buffer` v4.x if you require old browser support.');
}
function typedArraySupport() {
    // Can typed array instances can be augmented?
    try {
        var arr = new Uint8Array(1);
        arr.__proto__ = {
            __proto__: Uint8Array.prototype,
            foo: function () {
                return 42;
            }
        };
        return arr.foo() === 42;
    } catch (e) {
        console.log('CatchClause', e);
        console.log('CatchClause', e);
        return false;
    }
}
Object.defineProperty(Buffer.prototype, 'parent', {
    enumerable: true,
    get: function () {
        if (!Buffer.isBuffer(this)) {
            return undefined;
        }
        return this.buffer;
    }
});
Object.defineProperty(Buffer.prototype, 'offset', {
    enumerable: true,
    get: function () {
        if (!Buffer.isBuffer(this)) {
            return undefined;
        }
        return this.byteOffset;
    }
});
function createBuffer(length) {
    if (length > K_MAX_LENGTH) {
        throw new RangeError('The value "' + length + '" is invalid for option "size"');
    }
    // Return an augmented `Uint8Array` instance
    var buf = new Uint8Array(length);
    buf.__proto__ = Buffer.prototype;
    return buf;
}

/**
 * The Buffer constructor returns instances of `Uint8Array` that have their
 * prototype changed to `Buffer.prototype`. Furthermore, `Buffer` is a subclass of
 * `Uint8Array`, so the returned instances will have all the node `Buffer` methods
 * and the `Uint8Array` methods. Square bracket notation works as expected -- it
 * returns a single octet.
 *
 * The `Uint8Array` prototype remains unmodified.
 */

function Buffer(arg, encodingOrOffset, length) {
    // Common case.
    if (typeof arg === 'number') {
        if (typeof encodingOrOffset === 'string') {
            throw new TypeError('The "string" argument must be of type string. Received type number');
        }
        return allocUnsafe(arg);
    }
    return from(arg, encodingOrOffset, length);
}

// Fix subarray() in ES2016. See: https://github.com/feross/buffer/pull/97
if (typeof Symbol !== 'undefined' && Symbol.species != null && Buffer[Symbol.species] === Buffer) {
    Object.defineProperty(Buffer, Symbol.species, {
        value: null,
        configurable: true,
        enumerable: false,
        writable: false
    });
}
Buffer.poolSize = 8192; // not used by this implementation

function from(value, encodingOrOffset, length) {
    if (typeof value === 'string') {
        return fromString(value, encodingOrOffset);
    }
    if (ArrayBuffer.isView(value)) {
        return fromArrayLike(value);
    }
    if (value == null) {
        throw TypeError('The first argument must be one of type string, Buffer, ArrayBuffer, Array, or Array-like Object. Received type ' + typeof value);
    }
    if (isInstance(value, ArrayBuffer) || (value && isInstance(value.buffer, ArrayBuffer))) {
        return fromArrayBuffer(value, encodingOrOffset, length);
    }
    if (typeof value === 'number') {
        throw new TypeError('The "value" argument must not be of type number. Received type number');
    }
    var valueOf = value.valueOf && value.valueOf();
    if (valueOf != null && valueOf !== value) {
        return Buffer.from(valueOf, encodingOrOffset, length);
    }
    var b = fromObject(value);
    if (b) {
        return b;
    }
    if (typeof Symbol !== 'undefined' && Symbol.toPrimitive != null && typeof value[Symbol.toPrimitive] === 'function') {
        return Buffer.from(value[Symbol.toPrimitive]('string'), encodingOrOffset, length);
    }
    throw new TypeError('The first argument must be one of type string, Buffer, ArrayBuffer, Array, or Array-like Object. Received type ' + typeof value);
}

/**
 * Functionally equivalent to Buffer(arg, encoding) but throws a TypeError
 * if value is a number.
 * Buffer.from(str[, encoding])
 * Buffer.from(array)
 * Buffer.from(buffer)
 * Buffer.from(arrayBuffer[, byteOffset[, length]])
 **/
Buffer.from = function (value, encodingOrOffset, length) {
    return from(value, encodingOrOffset, length);
};

// Note: Change prototype *after* Buffer.from is defined to workaround Chrome bug:
// https://github.com/feross/buffer/pull/148
Buffer.prototype.__proto__ = Uint8Array.prototype;
Buffer.__proto__ = Uint8Array;
function assertSize(size) {
    if (typeof size !== 'number') {
        throw new TypeError('"size" argument must be of type number');
    } else if (size < 0) {
        throw new RangeError('The value "' + size + '" is invalid for option "size"');
    }
}
function alloc(size, fill, encoding) {
    assertSize(size);
    if (size <= 0) {
        return createBuffer(size);
    }
    if (fill !== undefined) {
        // Only pay attention to encoding if it's a string. This
        // prevents accidentally sending in a number that would
        // be interpretted as a start offset.
        return typeof encoding === 'string' ? createBuffer(size).fill(fill, encoding) : createBuffer(size).fill(fill);
    }
    return createBuffer(size);
}

/**
 * Creates a new filled Buffer instance.
 * alloc(size[, fill[, encoding]])
 **/
Buffer.alloc = function (size, fill, encoding) {
    return alloc(size, fill, encoding);
};
function allocUnsafe(size) {
    assertSize(size);
    return createBuffer(size < 0 ? 0 : checked(size) | 0);
}

/**
 * Equivalent to Buffer(num), by default creates a non-zero-filled Buffer instance.
 * */
Buffer.allocUnsafe = function (size) {
    return allocUnsafe(size);
};
/**
 * Equivalent to SlowBuffer(num), by default creates a non-zero-filled Buffer instance.
 */
Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow = function (size) {
    return allocUnsafe(size);
};
function fromString(string, encoding) {
    if (typeof encoding !== 'string' || encoding === '') {
        encoding = 'utf8';
    }
    if (!Buffer.isEncoding(encoding)) {
        throw new TypeError('Unknown encoding: ' + encoding);
    }
    var length = byteLength(string, encoding) | 0;
    var buf = createBuffer(length);
    var actual = buf.write(string, encoding);
    if (actual !== length) {
        // Writing a hex string, for example, that contains invalid characters will
        // cause everything after the first invalid character to be ignored. (e.g.
        // 'abxxcd' will be treated as 'ab')
        buf = buf.slice(0, actual);
    }
    return buf;
}
function fromArrayLike(array) {
    var length = array.length < 0 ? 0 : checked(array.length) | 0;
    var buf = createBuffer(length);
    for (var i = 0; i < length; i += 1) {
        buf[i] = array[i] & 255;
    }
    return buf;
}
function fromArrayBuffer(array, byteOffset, length) {
    if (byteOffset < 0 || array.byteLength < byteOffset) {
        throw new RangeError('"offset" is outside of buffer bounds');
    }
    if (array.byteLength < byteOffset + (length || 0)) {
        throw new RangeError('"length" is outside of buffer bounds');
    }
    var buf;
    if (byteOffset === undefined && length === undefined) {
        buf = new Uint8Array(array);
    } else if (length === undefined) {
        buf = new Uint8Array(array, byteOffset);
    } else {
        buf = new Uint8Array(array, byteOffset, length);
    }

    // Return an augmented `Uint8Array` instance
    buf.__proto__ = Buffer.prototype;
    return buf;
}
function fromObject(obj) {
    if (Buffer.isBuffer(obj)) {
        var len = checked(obj.length) | 0;
        var buf = createBuffer(len);
        if (buf.length === 0) {
            return buf;
        }
        obj.copy(buf, 0, 0, len);
        return buf;
    }
    if (obj.length !== undefined) {
        if (typeof obj.length !== 'number' || numberIsNaN(obj.length)) {
            return createBuffer(0);
        }
        return fromArrayLike(obj);
    }
    if (obj.type === 'Buffer' && Array.isArray(obj.data)) {
        return fromArrayLike(obj.data);
    }
}
function checked(length) {
    // Note: cannot use `length < K_MAX_LENGTH` here because that fails when
    // length is NaN (which is otherwise coerced to zero.)
    if (length >= K_MAX_LENGTH) {
        throw new RangeError('Attempt to allocate Buffer larger than maximum size: 0x' + K_MAX_LENGTH.toString(16) + ' bytes');
    }
    return length | 0;
}
function SlowBuffer(length) {
    if (+length != length) {
        // eslint-disable-line eqeqeq
        length = 0;
    }
    return Buffer.alloc(+length);
}
Buffer.isBuffer = function isBuffer(b) {
    return b != null && b._isBuffer === true && b !== Buffer.prototype; // so Buffer.isBuffer(Buffer.prototype) will be false
};

Buffer.compare = function compare(a, b) {
    if (isInstance(a, Uint8Array)) {
        a = Buffer.from(a, a.offset, a.byteLength);
    }
    if (isInstance(b, Uint8Array)) {
        b = Buffer.from(b, b.offset, b.byteLength);
    }
    if (!Buffer.isBuffer(a) || !Buffer.isBuffer(b)) {
        throw new TypeError('The "buf1", "buf2" arguments must be one of type Buffer or Uint8Array');
    }
    if (a === b) {
        return 0;
    }
    var x = a.length;
    var y = b.length;
    for (var i = 0, len = Math.min(x, y); i < len; ++i) {
        if (a[i] !== b[i]) {
            x = a[i];
            y = b[i];
            break;
        }
    }
    if (x < y) {
        return -1;
    }
    if (y < x) {
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
};
Buffer.isEncoding = function isEncoding(encoding) {
    switch (String(encoding).toLowerCase()) {
        case 'hex':
        case 'utf8':
        case 'utf-8':
        case 'ascii':
        case 'latin1':
        case 'binary':
        case 'base64':
        case 'ucs2':
        case 'ucs-2':
        case 'utf16le':
        case 'utf-16le':
            return true;
        default:
            return false;
    }
};
Buffer.concat = function concat(list, length) {
    if (!Array.isArray(list)) {
        throw new TypeError('"list" argument must be an Array of Buffers');
    }
    if (list.length === 0) {
        return Buffer.alloc(0);
    }
    var i;
    if (length === undefined) {
        length = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < list.length; ++i) {
            length += list[i].length;
        }
    }
    var buffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(length);
    var pos = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < list.length; ++i) {
        var buf = list[i];
        if (isInstance(buf, Uint8Array)) {
            buf = Buffer.from(buf);
        }
        if (!Buffer.isBuffer(buf)) {
            throw new TypeError('"list" argument must be an Array of Buffers');
        }
        buf.copy(buffer, pos);
        pos += buf.length;
    }
    return buffer;
};
function byteLength(string, encoding) {
    if (Buffer.isBuffer(string)) {
        return string.length;
    }
    if (ArrayBuffer.isView(string) || isInstance(string, ArrayBuffer)) {
        return string.byteLength;
    }
    if (typeof string !== 'string') {
        throw new TypeError('The "string" argument must be one of type string, Buffer, or ArrayBuffer. Received type ' + typeof string);
    }
    var len = string.length;
    var mustMatch = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] === true;
    if (!mustMatch && len === 0) {
        return 0;
    }

    // Use a for loop to avoid recursion
    var loweredCase = false;
    for (;;) {
        switch (encoding) {
            case 'ascii':
            case 'latin1':
            case 'binary':
                return len;
            case 'utf8':
            case 'utf-8':
                return utf8ToBytes(string).length;
            case 'ucs2':
            case 'ucs-2':
            case 'utf16le':
            case 'utf-16le':
                return len * 2;
            case 'hex':
                return len >>> 1;
            case 'base64':
                return base64ToBytes(string).length;
            default:
                if (loweredCase) {
                    return mustMatch ? -1 : utf8ToBytes(string).length; // assume utf8
                }

                encoding = ('' + encoding).toLowerCase();
                loweredCase = true;
        }
    }
}
Buffer.byteLength = byteLength;
function slowToString(encoding, start, end) {
    var loweredCase = false;

    // No need to verify that "this.length <= MAX_UINT32" since it's a read-only
    // property of a typed array.

    // This behaves neither like String nor Uint8Array in that we set start/end
    // to their upper/lower bounds if the value passed is out of range.
    // undefined is handled specially as per ECMA-262 6th Edition,
    // Section 13.3.3.7 Runtime Semantics: KeyedBindingInitialization.
    if (start === undefined || start < 0) {
        start = 0;
    }
    // Return early if start > this.length. Done here to prevent potential uint32
    // coercion fail below.
    if (start > this.length) {
        return '';
    }
    if (end === undefined || end > this.length) {
        end = this.length;
    }
    if (end <= 0) {
        return '';
    }

    // Force coersion to uint32. This will also coerce falsey/NaN values to 0.
    end >>>= 0;
    start >>>= 0;
    if (end <= start) {
        return '';
    }
    if (!encoding) {
        encoding = 'utf8';
    }
    while (true) {
        switch (encoding) {
            case 'hex':
                return hexSlice(this, start, end);
            case 'utf8':
            case 'utf-8':
                return utf8Slice(this, start, end);
            case 'ascii':
                return asciiSlice(this, start, end);
            case 'latin1':
            case 'binary':
                return latin1Slice(this, start, end);
            case 'base64':
                return base64Slice(this, start, end);
            case 'ucs2':
            case 'ucs-2':
            case 'utf16le':
            case 'utf-16le':
                return utf16leSlice(this, start, end);
            default:
                if (loweredCase) {
                    throw new TypeError('Unknown encoding: ' + encoding);
                }
                encoding = (encoding + '').toLowerCase();
                loweredCase = true;
        }
    }
}

// This property is used by `Buffer.isBuffer` (and the `is-buffer` npm package)
// to detect a Buffer instance. It's not possible to use `instanceof Buffer`
// reliably in a browserify context because there could be multiple different
// copies of the 'buffer' package in use. This method works even for Buffer
// instances that were created from another copy of the `buffer` package.
// See: https://github.com/feross/buffer/issues/154
Buffer.prototype._isBuffer = true;
function swap(b, n, m) {
    var i = b[n];
    b[n] = b[m];
    b[m] = i;
}
Buffer.prototype.swap16 = function swap16() {
    var len = this.length;
    if (len % 2 !== 0) {
        throw new RangeError('Buffer size must be a multiple of 16-bits');
    }
    for (var i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
        swap(this, i, i + 1);
    }
    return this;
};
Buffer.prototype.swap32 = function swap32() {
    var len = this.length;
    if (len % 4 !== 0) {
        throw new RangeError('Buffer size must be a multiple of 32-bits');
    }
    for (var i = 0; i < len; i += 4) {
        swap(this, i, i + 3);
        swap(this, i + 1, i + 2);
    }
    return this;
};
Buffer.prototype.swap64 = function swap64() {
    var len = this.length;
    if (len % 8 !== 0) {
        throw new RangeError('Buffer size must be a multiple of 64-bits');
    }
    for (var i = 0; i < len; i += 8) {
        swap(this, i, i + 7);
        swap(this, i + 1, i + 6);
        swap(this, i + 2, i + 5);
        swap(this, i + 3, i + 4);
    }
    return this;
};
Buffer.prototype.toString = function toString() {
    var length = this.length;
    if (length === 0) {
        return '';
    }
    if (arguments.length === 0) {
        return utf8Slice(this, 0, length);
    }
    return slowToString.apply(this, arguments);
};
Buffer.prototype.toLocaleString = Buffer.prototype.toString;
Buffer.prototype.equals = function equals(b) {
    if (!Buffer.isBuffer(b)) {
        throw new TypeError('Argument must be a Buffer');
    }
    if (this === b) {
        return true;
    }
    return Buffer.compare(this, b) === 0;
};
Buffer.prototype.inspect = function inspect() {
    var str = '';
    var max = exports.INSPECT_MAX_BYTES;
    str = this.toString('hex', 0, max)
        .replace(/(.{2})/g, '$1 ')
        .trim();
    if (this.length > max) {
        str += ' ... ';
    }
    return '<Buffer ' + str + '>';
};
Buffer.prototype.compare = function compare(target, start, end, thisStart, thisEnd) {
    if (isInstance(target, Uint8Array)) {
        target = Buffer.from(target, target.offset, target.byteLength);
    }
    if (!Buffer.isBuffer(target)) {
        throw new TypeError('The "target" argument must be one of type Buffer or Uint8Array. Received type ' + typeof target);
    }
    if (start === undefined) {
        start = 0;
    }
    if (end === undefined) {
        end = target ? target.length : 0;
    }
    if (thisStart === undefined) {
        thisStart = 0;
    }
    if (thisEnd === undefined) {
        thisEnd = this.length;
    }
    if (start < 0 || end > target.length || thisStart < 0 || thisEnd > this.length) {
        throw new RangeError('out of range index');
    }
    if (thisStart >= thisEnd && start >= end) {
        return 0;
    }
    if (thisStart >= thisEnd) {
        return -1;
    }
    if (start >= end) {
        return 1;
    }
    start >>>= 0;
    end >>>= 0;
    thisStart >>>= 0;
    thisEnd >>>= 0;
    if (this === target) {
        return 0;
    }
    var x = thisEnd - thisStart;
    var y = end - start;
    var len = Math.min(x, y);
    var thisCopy = this.slice(thisStart, thisEnd);
    var targetCopy = target.slice(start, end);
    for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
        if (thisCopy[i] !== targetCopy[i]) {
            x = thisCopy[i];
            y = targetCopy[i];
            break;
        }
    }
    if (x < y) {
        return -1;
    }
    if (y < x) {
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
};

// Finds either the first index of `val` in `buffer` at offset >= `byteOffset`,
// OR the last index of `val` in `buffer` at offset <= `byteOffset`.
//
// Arguments:
// - buffer - a Buffer to search
// - val - a string, Buffer, or number
// - byteOffset - an index into `buffer`; will be clamped to an int32
// - encoding - an optional encoding, relevant is val is a string
// - dir - true for indexOf, false for lastIndexOf
function bidirectionalIndexOf(buffer, val, byteOffset, encoding, dir) {
    // Empty buffer means no match
    if (buffer.length === 0) {
        return -1;
    }

    // Normalize byteOffset
    if (typeof byteOffset === 'string') {
        encoding = byteOffset;
        byteOffset = 0;
    } else if (byteOffset > 2147483647) {
        byteOffset = 2147483647;
    } else if (byteOffset < -2147483648) {
        byteOffset = -2147483648;
    }
    byteOffset = +byteOffset; // Coerce to Number.
    if (numberIsNaN(byteOffset)) {
        // byteOffset: it it's undefined, null, NaN, "foo", etc, search whole buffer
        byteOffset = dir ? 0 : buffer.length - 1;
    }

    // Normalize byteOffset: negative offsets start from the end of the buffer
    if (byteOffset < 0) {
        byteOffset = buffer.length + byteOffset;
    }
    if (byteOffset >= buffer.length) {
        if (dir) {
            return -1;
        } else {
            byteOffset = buffer.length - 1;
        }
    } else if (byteOffset < 0) {
        if (dir) {
            byteOffset = 0;
        } else {
            return -1;
        }
    }

    // Normalize val
    if (typeof val === 'string') {
        val = Buffer.from(val, encoding);
    }

    // Finally, search either indexOf (if dir is true) or lastIndexOf
    if (Buffer.isBuffer(val)) {
        // Special case: looking for empty string/buffer always fails
        if (val.length === 0) {
            return -1;
        }
        return arrayIndexOf(buffer, val, byteOffset, encoding, dir);
    } else if (typeof val === 'number') {
        val = val & 255; // Search for a byte value [0-255]
        if (typeof Uint8Array.prototype.indexOf === 'function') {
            if (dir) {
                return Uint8Array.prototype.indexOf.call(buffer, val, byteOffset);
            } else {
                return Uint8Array.prototype.lastIndexOf.call(buffer, val, byteOffset);
            }
        }
        return arrayIndexOf(buffer, [val], byteOffset, encoding, dir);
    }
    throw new TypeError('val must be string, number or Buffer');
}
function arrayIndexOf(arr, val, byteOffset, encoding, dir) {
    var indexSize = 1;
    var arrLength = arr.length;
    var valLength = val.length;
    if (encoding !== undefined) {
        encoding = String(encoding).toLowerCase();
        if (encoding === 'ucs2' || encoding === 'ucs-2' || encoding === 'utf16le' || encoding === 'utf-16le') {
            if (arr.length < 2 || val.length < 2) {
                return -1;
            }
            indexSize = 2;
            arrLength /= 2;
            valLength /= 2;
            byteOffset /= 2;
        }
    }
    function read(buf, i) {
        if (indexSize === 1) {
            return buf[i];
        } else {
            return buf.readUInt16BE(i * indexSize);
        }
    }
    var i;
    if (dir) {
        var foundIndex = -1;
        for (i = byteOffset; i < arrLength; i++) {
            if (read(arr, i) === read(val, foundIndex === -1 ? 0 : i - foundIndex)) {
                if (foundIndex === -1) {
                    foundIndex = i;
                }
                if (i - foundIndex + 1 === valLength) {
                    return foundIndex * indexSize;
                }
            } else {
                if (foundIndex !== -1) {
                    i -= i - foundIndex;
                }
                foundIndex = -1;
            }
        }
    } else {
        if (byteOffset + valLength > arrLength) {
            byteOffset = arrLength - valLength;
        }
        for (i = byteOffset; i >= 0; i--) {
            var found = true;
            for (var j = 0; j < valLength; j++) {
                if (read(arr, i + j) !== read(val, j)) {
                    found = false;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (found) {
                return i;
            }
        }
    }
    return -1;
}
Buffer.prototype.includes = function includes(val, byteOffset, encoding) {
    return this.indexOf(val, byteOffset, encoding) !== -1;
};
Buffer.prototype.indexOf = function indexOf(val, byteOffset, encoding) {
    return bidirectionalIndexOf(this, val, byteOffset, encoding, true);
};
Buffer.prototype.lastIndexOf = function lastIndexOf(val, byteOffset, encoding) {
    return bidirectionalIndexOf(this, val, byteOffset, encoding, false);
};
function hexWrite(buf, string, offset, length) {
    offset = Number(offset) || 0;
    var remaining = buf.length - offset;
    if (!length) {
        length = remaining;
    } else {
        length = Number(length);
        if (length > remaining) {
            length = remaining;
        }
    }
    var strLen = string.length;
    if (length > strLen / 2) {
        length = strLen / 2;
    }
    for (var i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
        var parsed = parseInt(string.substr(i * 2, 2), 16);
        if (numberIsNaN(parsed)) {
            return i;
        }
        buf[offset + i] = parsed;
    }
    return i;
}
function utf8Write(buf, string, offset, length) {
    return blitBuffer(utf8ToBytes(string, buf.length - offset), buf, offset, length);
}
function asciiWrite(buf, string, offset, length) {
    return blitBuffer(asciiToBytes(string), buf, offset, length);
}
function latin1Write(buf, string, offset, length) {
    return asciiWrite(buf, string, offset, length);
}
function base64Write(buf, string, offset, length) {
    return blitBuffer(base64ToBytes(string), buf, offset, length);
}
function ucs2Write(buf, string, offset, length) {
    return blitBuffer(utf16leToBytes(string, buf.length - offset), buf, offset, length);
}
Buffer.prototype.write = function write(string, offset, length, encoding) {
    // Buffer#write(string)
    if (offset === undefined) {
        encoding = 'utf8';
        length = this.length;
        offset = 0;
        // Buffer#write(string, encoding)
    } else if (length === undefined && typeof offset === 'string') {
        encoding = offset;
        length = this.length;
        offset = 0;
        // Buffer#write(string, offset[, length][, encoding])
    } else if (isFinite(offset)) {
        offset = offset >>> 0;
        if (isFinite(length)) {
            length = length >>> 0;
            if (encoding === undefined) {
                encoding = 'utf8';
            }
        } else {
            encoding = length;
            length = undefined;
        }
    } else {
        throw new Error('Buffer.write(string, encoding, offset[, length]) is no longer supported');
    }
    var remaining = this.length - offset;
    if (length === undefined || length > remaining) {
        length = remaining;
    }
    if ((string.length > 0 && (length < 0 || offset < 0)) || offset > this.length) {
        throw new RangeError('Attempt to write outside buffer bounds');
    }
    if (!encoding) {
        encoding = 'utf8';
    }
    var loweredCase = false;
    for (;;) {
        switch (encoding) {
            case 'hex':
                return hexWrite(this, string, offset, length);
            case 'utf8':
            case 'utf-8':
                return utf8Write(this, string, offset, length);
            case 'ascii':
                return asciiWrite(this, string, offset, length);
            case 'latin1':
            case 'binary':
                return latin1Write(this, string, offset, length);
            case 'base64':
                // Warning: maxLength not taken into account in base64Write
                return base64Write(this, string, offset, length);
            case 'ucs2':
            case 'ucs-2':
            case 'utf16le':
            case 'utf-16le':
                return ucs2Write(this, string, offset, length);
            default:
                if (loweredCase) {
                    throw new TypeError('Unknown encoding: ' + encoding);
                }
                encoding = ('' + encoding).toLowerCase();
                loweredCase = true;
        }
    }
};
Buffer.prototype.toJSON = function toJSON() {
    return {
        type: 'Buffer',
        data: Array.prototype.slice.call(this._arr || this, 0)
    };
};
function base64Slice(buf, start, end) {
    if (start === 0 && end === buf.length) {
        return base64.fromByteArray(buf);
    } else {
        return base64.fromByteArray(buf.slice(start, end));
    }
}
function utf8Slice(buf, start, end) {
    end = Math.min(buf.length, end);
    var res = [];
    var i = start;
    while (i < end) {
        var firstByte = buf[i];
        var codePoint = null;
        var bytesPerSequence = firstByte > 239 ? 4 : firstByte > 223 ? 3 : firstByte > 191 ? 2 : 1;
        if (i + bytesPerSequence <= end) {
            var secondByte;
            var thirdByte;
            var fourthByte;
            var tempCodePoint;
            switch (bytesPerSequence) {
                case 1:
                    if (firstByte < 128) {
                        codePoint = firstByte;
                    }
                    break;
                case 2:
                    secondByte = buf[i + 1];
                    if ((secondByte & 192) === 128) {
                        tempCodePoint = ((firstByte & 31) << 6) | (secondByte & 63);
                        if (tempCodePoint > 127) {
                            codePoint = tempCodePoint;
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case 3:
                    secondByte = buf[i + 1];
                    thirdByte = buf[i + 2];
                    if ((secondByte & 192) === 128 && (thirdByte & 192) === 128) {
                        tempCodePoint = ((firstByte & 15) << 12) | ((secondByte & 63) << 6) | (thirdByte & 63);
                        if (tempCodePoint > 2047 && (tempCodePoint < 55296 || tempCodePoint > 57343)) {
                            codePoint = tempCodePoint;
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case 4:
                    secondByte = buf[i + 1];
                    thirdByte = buf[i + 2];
                    fourthByte = buf[i + 3];
                    if ((secondByte & 192) === 128 && (thirdByte & 192) === 128 && (fourthByte & 192) === 128) {
                        tempCodePoint = ((firstByte & 15) << 18) | ((secondByte & 63) << 12) | ((thirdByte & 63) << 6) | (fourthByte & 63);
                        if (tempCodePoint > 65535 && tempCodePoint < 1114112) {
                            codePoint = tempCodePoint;
                        }
                    }
            }
        }
        if (codePoint === null) {
            // we did not generate a valid codePoint so insert a
            // replacement char (U+FFFD) and advance only 1 byte
            codePoint = 65533;
            bytesPerSequence = 1;
        } else if (codePoint > 65535) {
            // encode to utf16 (surrogate pair dance)
            codePoint -= 65536;
            res.push(((codePoint >>> 10) & 1023) | 55296);
            codePoint = 56320 | (codePoint & 1023);
        }
        res.push(codePoint);
        i += bytesPerSequence;
    }
    return decodeCodePointsArray(res);
}

// Based on http://stackoverflow.com/a/22747272/680742, the browser with
// the lowest limit is Chrome, with 0x10000 args.
// We go 1 magnitude less, for safety
var MAX_ARGUMENTS_LENGTH = 4096;
function decodeCodePointsArray(codePoints) {
    var len = codePoints.length;
    if (len <= MAX_ARGUMENTS_LENGTH) {
        return String.fromCharCode.apply(String, codePoints); // avoid extra slice()
    }

    // Decode in chunks to avoid "call stack size exceeded".
    var res = '';
    var i = 0;
    while (i < len) {
        res += String.fromCharCode.apply(String, codePoints.slice(i, (i += MAX_ARGUMENTS_LENGTH)));
    }
    return res;
}
function asciiSlice(buf, start, end) {
    var ret = '';
    end = Math.min(buf.length, end);
    for (var i = start; i < end; ++i) {
        ret += String.fromCharCode(buf[i] & 127);
    }
    return ret;
}
function latin1Slice(buf, start, end) {
    var ret = '';
    end = Math.min(buf.length, end);
    for (var i = start; i < end; ++i) {
        ret += String.fromCharCode(buf[i]);
    }
    return ret;
}
function hexSlice(buf, start, end) {
    var len = buf.length;
    if (!start || start < 0) {
        start = 0;
    }
    if (!end || end < 0 || end > len) {
        end = len;
    }
    var out = '';
    for (var i = start; i < end; ++i) {
        out += toHex(buf[i]);
    }
    return out;
}
function utf16leSlice(buf, start, end) {
    var bytes = buf.slice(start, end);
    var res = '';
    for (var i = 0; i < bytes.length; i += 2) {
        res += String.fromCharCode(bytes[i] + bytes[i + 1] * 256);
    }
    return res;
}
Buffer.prototype.slice = function slice(start, end) {
    var len = this.length;
    start = ~~start;
    end = end === undefined ? len : ~~end;
    if (start < 0) {
        start += len;
        if (start < 0) {
            start = 0;
        }
    } else if (start > len) {
        start = len;
    }
    if (end < 0) {
        end += len;
        if (end < 0) {
            end = 0;
        }
    } else if (end > len) {
        end = len;
    }
    if (end < start) {
        end = start;
    }
    var newBuf = this.subarray(start, end);
    // Return an augmented `Uint8Array` instance
    newBuf.__proto__ = Buffer.prototype;
    return newBuf;
};

/*
 * Need to make sure that buffer isn't trying to write out of bounds.
 */
function checkOffset(offset, ext, length) {
    if (offset % 1 !== 0 || offset < 0) {
        throw new RangeError('offset is not uint');
    }
    if (offset + ext > length) {
        throw new RangeError('Trying to access beyond buffer length');
    }
}
Buffer.prototype.readUIntLE = function readUIntLE(offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    byteLength = byteLength >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkOffset(offset, byteLength, this.length);
    }
    var val = this[offset];
    var mul = 1;
    var i = 0;
    while (++i < byteLength && (mul *= 256)) {
        val += this[offset + i] * mul;
    }
    return val;
};
Buffer.prototype.readUIntBE = function readUIntBE(offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    byteLength = byteLength >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkOffset(offset, byteLength, this.length);
    }
    var val = this[offset + --byteLength];
    var mul = 1;
    while (byteLength > 0 && (mul *= 256)) {
        val += this[offset + --byteLength] * mul;
    }
    return val;
};
Buffer.prototype.readUInt8 = function readUInt8(offset, noAssert) {
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkOffset(offset, 1, this.length);
    }
    return this[offset];
};
Buffer.prototype.readUInt16LE = function readUInt16LE(offset, noAssert) {
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkOffset(offset, 2, this.length);
    }
    return this[offset] | (this[offset + 1] << 8);
};
Buffer.prototype.readUInt16BE = function readUInt16BE(offset, noAssert) {
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkOffset(offset, 2, this.length);
    }
    return (this[offset] << 8) | this[offset + 1];
};
Buffer.prototype.readUInt32LE = function readUInt32LE(offset, noAssert) {
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length);
    }
    return (this[offset] | (this[offset + 1] << 8) | (this[offset + 2] << 16)) + this[offset + 3] * 16777216;
};
Buffer.prototype.readUInt32BE = function readUInt32BE(offset, noAssert) {
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length);
    }
    return this[offset] * 16777216 + ((this[offset + 1] << 16) | (this[offset + 2] << 8) | this[offset + 3]);
};
Buffer.prototype.readIntLE = function readIntLE(offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    byteLength = byteLength >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkOffset(offset, byteLength, this.length);
    }
    var val = this[offset];
    var mul = 1;
    var i = 0;
    while (++i < byteLength && (mul *= 256)) {
        val += this[offset + i] * mul;
    }
    mul *= 128;
    if (val >= mul) {
        val -= Math.pow(2, 8 * byteLength);
    }
    return val;
};
Buffer.prototype.readIntBE = function readIntBE(offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    byteLength = byteLength >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkOffset(offset, byteLength, this.length);
    }
    var i = byteLength;
    var mul = 1;
    var val = this[offset + --i];
    while (i > 0 && (mul *= 256)) {
        val += this[offset + --i] * mul;
    }
    mul *= 128;
    if (val >= mul) {
        val -= Math.pow(2, 8 * byteLength);
    }
    return val;
};
Buffer.prototype.readInt8 = function readInt8(offset, noAssert) {
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkOffset(offset, 1, this.length);
    }
    if (!(this[offset] & 128)) {
        return this[offset];
    }
    return (255 - this[offset] + 1) * -1;
};
Buffer.prototype.readInt16LE = function readInt16LE(offset, noAssert) {
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkOffset(offset, 2, this.length);
    }
    var val = this[offset] | (this[offset + 1] << 8);
    return val & 32768 ? val | 4294901760 : val;
};
Buffer.prototype.readInt16BE = function readInt16BE(offset, noAssert) {
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkOffset(offset, 2, this.length);
    }
    var val = this[offset + 1] | (this[offset] << 8);
    return val & 32768 ? val | 4294901760 : val;
};
Buffer.prototype.readInt32LE = function readInt32LE(offset, noAssert) {
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length);
    }
    return this[offset] | (this[offset + 1] << 8) | (this[offset + 2] << 16) | (this[offset + 3] << 24);
};
Buffer.prototype.readInt32BE = function readInt32BE(offset, noAssert) {
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length);
    }
    return (this[offset] << 24) | (this[offset + 1] << 16) | (this[offset + 2] << 8) | this[offset + 3];
};
Buffer.prototype.readFloatLE = function readFloatLE(offset, noAssert) {
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length);
    }
    return ieee754.read(this, offset, true, 23, 4);
};
Buffer.prototype.readFloatBE = function readFloatBE(offset, noAssert) {
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length);
    }
    return ieee754.read(this, offset, false, 23, 4);
};
Buffer.prototype.readDoubleLE = function readDoubleLE(offset, noAssert) {
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkOffset(offset, 8, this.length);
    }
    return ieee754.read(this, offset, true, 52, 8);
};
Buffer.prototype.readDoubleBE = function readDoubleBE(offset, noAssert) {
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkOffset(offset, 8, this.length);
    }
    return ieee754.read(this, offset, false, 52, 8);
};
function checkInt(buf, value, offset, ext, max, min) {
    if (!Buffer.isBuffer(buf)) {
        throw new TypeError('"buffer" argument must be a Buffer instance');
    }
    if (value > max || value < min) {
        throw new RangeError('"value" argument is out of bounds');
    }
    if (offset + ext > buf.length) {
        throw new RangeError('Index out of range');
    }
}
Buffer.prototype.writeUIntLE = function writeUIntLE(value, offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
    value = +value;
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    byteLength = byteLength >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        var maxBytes = Math.pow(2, 8 * byteLength) - 1;
        checkInt(this, value, offset, byteLength, maxBytes, 0);
    }
    var mul = 1;
    var i = 0;
    this[offset] = value & 255;
    while (++i < byteLength && (mul *= 256)) {
        this[offset + i] = (value / mul) & 255;
    }
    return offset + byteLength;
};
Buffer.prototype.writeUIntBE = function writeUIntBE(value, offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
    value = +value;
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    byteLength = byteLength >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        var maxBytes = Math.pow(2, 8 * byteLength) - 1;
        checkInt(this, value, offset, byteLength, maxBytes, 0);
    }
    var i = byteLength - 1;
    var mul = 1;
    this[offset + i] = value & 255;
    while (--i >= 0 && (mul *= 256)) {
        this[offset + i] = (value / mul) & 255;
    }
    return offset + byteLength;
};
Buffer.prototype.writeUInt8 = function writeUInt8(value, offset, noAssert) {
    value = +value;
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkInt(this, value, offset, 1, 255, 0);
    }
    this[offset] = value & 255;
    return offset + 1;
};
Buffer.prototype.writeUInt16LE = function writeUInt16LE(value, offset, noAssert) {
    value = +value;
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkInt(this, value, offset, 2, 65535, 0);
    }
    this[offset] = value & 255;
    this[offset + 1] = value >>> 8;
    return offset + 2;
};
Buffer.prototype.writeUInt16BE = function writeUInt16BE(value, offset, noAssert) {
    value = +value;
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkInt(this, value, offset, 2, 65535, 0);
    }
    this[offset] = value >>> 8;
    this[offset + 1] = value & 255;
    return offset + 2;
};
Buffer.prototype.writeUInt32LE = function writeUInt32LE(value, offset, noAssert) {
    value = +value;
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkInt(this, value, offset, 4, 4294967295, 0);
    }
    this[offset + 3] = value >>> 24;
    this[offset + 2] = value >>> 16;
    this[offset + 1] = value >>> 8;
    this[offset] = value & 255;
    return offset + 4;
};
Buffer.prototype.writeUInt32BE = function writeUInt32BE(value, offset, noAssert) {
    value = +value;
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkInt(this, value, offset, 4, 4294967295, 0);
    }
    this[offset] = value >>> 24;
    this[offset + 1] = value >>> 16;
    this[offset + 2] = value >>> 8;
    this[offset + 3] = value & 255;
    return offset + 4;
};
Buffer.prototype.writeIntLE = function writeIntLE(value, offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
    value = +value;
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        var limit = Math.pow(2, 8 * byteLength - 1);
        checkInt(this, value, offset, byteLength, limit - 1, -limit);
    }
    var i = 0;
    var mul = 1;
    var sub = 0;
    this[offset] = value & 255;
    while (++i < byteLength && (mul *= 256)) {
        if (value < 0 && sub === 0 && this[offset + i - 1] !== 0) {
            sub = 1;
        }
        this[offset + i] = (((value / mul) >> 0) - sub) & 255;
    }
    return offset + byteLength;
};
Buffer.prototype.writeIntBE = function writeIntBE(value, offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
    value = +value;
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        var limit = Math.pow(2, 8 * byteLength - 1);
        checkInt(this, value, offset, byteLength, limit - 1, -limit);
    }
    var i = byteLength - 1;
    var mul = 1;
    var sub = 0;
    this[offset + i] = value & 255;
    while (--i >= 0 && (mul *= 256)) {
        if (value < 0 && sub === 0 && this[offset + i + 1] !== 0) {
            sub = 1;
        }
        this[offset + i] = (((value / mul) >> 0) - sub) & 255;
    }
    return offset + byteLength;
};
Buffer.prototype.writeInt8 = function writeInt8(value, offset, noAssert) {
    value = +value;
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkInt(this, value, offset, 1, 127, -128);
    }
    if (value < 0) {
        value = 255 + value + 1;
    }
    this[offset] = value & 255;
    return offset + 1;
};
Buffer.prototype.writeInt16LE = function writeInt16LE(value, offset, noAssert) {
    value = +value;
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkInt(this, value, offset, 2, 32767, -32768);
    }
    this[offset] = value & 255;
    this[offset + 1] = value >>> 8;
    return offset + 2;
};
Buffer.prototype.writeInt16BE = function writeInt16BE(value, offset, noAssert) {
    value = +value;
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkInt(this, value, offset, 2, 32767, -32768);
    }
    this[offset] = value >>> 8;
    this[offset + 1] = value & 255;
    return offset + 2;
};
Buffer.prototype.writeInt32LE = function writeInt32LE(value, offset, noAssert) {
    value = +value;
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkInt(this, value, offset, 4, 2147483647, -2147483648);
    }
    this[offset] = value & 255;
    this[offset + 1] = value >>> 8;
    this[offset + 2] = value >>> 16;
    this[offset + 3] = value >>> 24;
    return offset + 4;
};
Buffer.prototype.writeInt32BE = function writeInt32BE(value, offset, noAssert) {
    value = +value;
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkInt(this, value, offset, 4, 2147483647, -2147483648);
    }
    if (value < 0) {
        value = 4294967295 + value + 1;
    }
    this[offset] = value >>> 24;
    this[offset + 1] = value >>> 16;
    this[offset + 2] = value >>> 8;
    this[offset + 3] = value & 255;
    return offset + 4;
};
function checkIEEE754(buf, value, offset, ext, max, min) {
    if (offset + ext > buf.length) {
        throw new RangeError('Index out of range');
    }
    if (offset < 0) {
        throw new RangeError('Index out of range');
    }
}
function writeFloat(buf, value, offset, littleEndian, noAssert) {
    value = +value;
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkIEEE754(buf, value, offset, 4, 3.4028234663852886e38, -3.4028234663852886e38);
    }
    ieee754.write(buf, value, offset, littleEndian, 23, 4);
    return offset + 4;
}
Buffer.prototype.writeFloatLE = function writeFloatLE(value, offset, noAssert) {
    return writeFloat(this, value, offset, true, noAssert);
};
Buffer.prototype.writeFloatBE = function writeFloatBE(value, offset, noAssert) {
    return writeFloat(this, value, offset, false, noAssert);
};
function writeDouble(buf, value, offset, littleEndian, noAssert) {
    value = +value;
    offset = offset >>> 0;
    if (!noAssert) {
        checkIEEE754(buf, value, offset, 8, 1.7976931348623157e308, -1.7976931348623157e308);
    }
    ieee754.write(buf, value, offset, littleEndian, 52, 8);
    return offset + 8;
}
Buffer.prototype.writeDoubleLE = function writeDoubleLE(value, offset, noAssert) {
    return writeDouble(this, value, offset, true, noAssert);
};
Buffer.prototype.writeDoubleBE = function writeDoubleBE(value, offset, noAssert) {
    return writeDouble(this, value, offset, false, noAssert);
};

// copy(targetBuffer, targetStart=0, sourceStart=0, sourceEnd=buffer.length)
Buffer.prototype.copy = function copy(target, targetStart, start, end) {
    if (!Buffer.isBuffer(target)) {
        throw new TypeError('argument should be a Buffer');
    }
    if (!start) {
        start = 0;
    }
    if (!end && end !== 0) {
        end = this.length;
    }
    if (targetStart >= target.length) {
        targetStart = target.length;
    }
    if (!targetStart) {
        targetStart = 0;
    }
    if (end > 0 && end < start) {
        end = start;
    }

    // Copy 0 bytes; we're done
    if (end === start) {
        return 0;
    }
    if (target.length === 0 || this.length === 0) {
        return 0;
    }

    // Fatal error conditions
    if (targetStart < 0) {
        throw new RangeError('targetStart out of bounds');
    }
    if (start < 0 || start >= this.length) {
        throw new RangeError('Index out of range');
    }
    if (end < 0) {
        throw new RangeError('sourceEnd out of bounds');
    }

    // Are we oob?
    if (end > this.length) {
        end = this.length;
    }
    if (target.length - targetStart < end - start) {
        end = target.length - targetStart + start;
    }
    var len = end - start;
    if (this === target && typeof Uint8Array.prototype.copyWithin === 'function') {
        // Use built-in when available, missing from IE11
        this.copyWithin(targetStart, start, end);
    } else if (this === target && start < targetStart && targetStart < end) {
        // descending copy from end
        for (var i = len - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
            target[i + targetStart] = this[i + start];
        }
    } else {
        Uint8Array.prototype.set.call(target, this.subarray(start, end), targetStart);
    }
    return len;
};

// Usage:
//    buffer.fill(number[, offset[, end]])
//    buffer.fill(buffer[, offset[, end]])
//    buffer.fill(string[, offset[, end]][, encoding])
Buffer.prototype.fill = function fill(val, start, end, encoding) {
    // Handle string cases:
    if (typeof val === 'string') {
        if (typeof start === 'string') {
            encoding = start;
            start = 0;
            end = this.length;
        } else if (typeof end === 'string') {
            encoding = end;
            end = this.length;
        }
        if (encoding !== undefined && typeof encoding !== 'string') {
            throw new TypeError('encoding must be a string');
        }
        if (typeof encoding === 'string' && !Buffer.isEncoding(encoding)) {
            throw new TypeError('Unknown encoding: ' + encoding);
        }
        if (val.length === 1) {
            var code = val.charCodeAt(0);
            if ((encoding === 'utf8' && code < 128) || encoding === 'latin1') {
                // Fast path: If `val` fits into a single byte, use that numeric value.
                val = code;
            }
        }
    } else if (typeof val === 'number') {
        val = val & 255;
    }

    // Invalid ranges are not set to a default, so can range check early.
    if (start < 0 || this.length < start || this.length < end) {
        throw new RangeError('Out of range index');
    }
    if (end <= start) {
        return this;
    }
    start = start >>> 0;
    end = end === undefined ? this.length : end >>> 0;
    if (!val) {
        val = 0;
    }
    var i;
    if (typeof val === 'number') {
        for (i = start; i < end; ++i) {
            this[i] = val;
        }
    } else {
        var bytes = Buffer.isBuffer(val) ? val : Buffer.from(val, encoding);
        var len = bytes.length;
        if (len === 0) {
            throw new TypeError('The value "' + val + '" is invalid for argument "value"');
        }
        for (i = 0; i < end - start; ++i) {
            this[i + start] = bytes[i % len];
        }
    }
    return this;
};

// HELPER FUNCTIONS
// ================

var INVALID_BASE64_RE = /[^+/0-9A-Za-z-_]/g;
function base64clean(str) {
    // Node takes equal signs as end of the Base64 encoding
    str = str.split('=')[0];
    // Node strips out invalid characters like \n and \t from the string, base64-js does not
    str = str.trim().replace(INVALID_BASE64_RE, '');
    // Node converts strings with length < 2 to ''
    if (str.length < 2) {
        return '';
    }
    // Node allows for non-padded base64 strings (missing trailing ===), base64-js does not
    while (str.length % 4 !== 0) {
        str = str + '=';
    }
    return str;
}
function toHex(n) {
    if (n < 16) {
        return '0' + n.toString(16);
    }
    return n.toString(16);
}
function utf8ToBytes(string, units) {
    units = units || Infinity;
    var codePoint;
    var length = string.length;
    var leadSurrogate = null;
    var bytes = [];
    for (var i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
        codePoint = string.charCodeAt(i);

        // is surrogate component
        if (codePoint > 55295 && codePoint < 57344) {
            // last char was a lead
            if (!leadSurrogate) {
                // no lead yet
                if (codePoint > 56319) {
                    // unexpected trail
                    if ((units -= 3) > -1) {
                        bytes.push(239, 191, 189);
                    }
                    continue;
                } else if (i + 1 === length) {
                    // unpaired lead
                    if ((units -= 3) > -1) {
                        bytes.push(239, 191, 189);
                    }
                    continue;
                }

                // valid lead
                leadSurrogate = codePoint;
                continue;
            }

            // 2 leads in a row
            if (codePoint < 56320) {
                if ((units -= 3) > -1) {
                    bytes.push(239, 191, 189);
                }
                leadSurrogate = codePoint;
                continue;
            }

            // valid surrogate pair
            codePoint = (((leadSurrogate - 55296) << 10) | (codePoint - 56320)) + 65536;
        } else if (leadSurrogate) {
            // valid bmp char, but last char was a lead
            if ((units -= 3) > -1) {
                bytes.push(239, 191, 189);
            }
        }
        leadSurrogate = null;

        // encode utf8
        if (codePoint < 128) {
            if ((units -= 1) < 0) {
                break;
            }
            bytes.push(codePoint);
        } else if (codePoint < 2048) {
            if ((units -= 2) < 0) {
                break;
            }
            bytes.push((codePoint >> 6) | 192, (codePoint & 63) | 128);
        } else if (codePoint < 65536) {
            if ((units -= 3) < 0) {
                break;
            }
            bytes.push((codePoint >> 12) | 224, ((codePoint >> 6) & 63) | 128, (codePoint & 63) | 128);
        } else if (codePoint < 1114112) {
            if ((units -= 4) < 0) {
                break;
            }
            bytes.push((codePoint >> 18) | 240, ((codePoint >> 12) & 63) | 128, ((codePoint >> 6) & 63) | 128, (codePoint & 63) | 128);
        } else {
            throw new Error('Invalid code point');
        }
    }
    return bytes;
}
function asciiToBytes(str) {
    var byteArray = [];
    for (var i = 0; i < str.length; ++i) {
        // Node's code seems to be doing this and not & 0x7F..
        byteArray.push(str.charCodeAt(i) & 255);
    }
    return byteArray;
}
function utf16leToBytes(str, units) {
    var c;
    var hi;
    var lo;
    var byteArray = [];
    for (var i = 0; i < str.length; ++i) {
        if ((units -= 2) < 0) {
            break;
        }
        c = str.charCodeAt(i);
        hi = c >> 8;
        lo = c % 256;
        byteArray.push(lo);
        byteArray.push(hi);
    }
    return byteArray;
}
function base64ToBytes(str) {
    return base64.toByteArray(base64clean(str));
}
function blitBuffer(src, dst, offset, length) {
    for (var i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
        if (i + offset >= dst.length || i >= src.length) {
            break;
        }
        dst[i + offset] = src[i];
    }
    return i;
}

// ArrayBuffer or Uint8Array objects from other contexts (i.e. iframes) do not pass
// the `instanceof` check but they should be treated as of that type.
// See: https://github.com/feross/buffer/issues/166
function isInstance(obj, type) {
    return obj instanceof type || (obj != null && obj.constructor != null && obj.constructor.name != null && obj.constructor.name === type.name);
}
function numberIsNaN(obj) {
    // For IE11 support
    return obj !== obj; // eslint-disable-line no-self-compare
}
